Common Ingredients

• Acai Berry

HOW IT WORKS:

Acai coats skin cells in a soothing, protective and repairing shield of potent anti-oxidants enhanced by a rich dose of free radical quenching Vitamin C. It’s nutrient rich properties act as anti-inflammatories to soothe UV induced redness and skin irritations.

• Alfalfa powder (Medicago sativa)

HOW IT WORKS:

Dense nutrients and chlorophyll neutralise acidic products in the body while strengthening the body’s alkalinity and ability to purge unwanted acidic toxins that can cause irreparable damage.

• Algae Extracts

WHAT IT DOES:

These nutrient dense marine plants, also known as seaweeds, provide the skin and body with a vast array of detoxifying, anti-oxidant and nourishing benefits.  Delivering a melody of vitamins, proteins, and minerals, algae extracts are one of the most popular sources of skin regenerative and anti-ageing ingredients used today.

HOW IT WORKS:

Naturally occurring in a rainbow of colours varying from yellow, blue, green and red, algae’s have been proven to reduce wrinkle depth and size, recondition the skin back to a silky-smooth touch while encouraging the skin to produce more of its own anti-ageing skin proteins like Collagen and Elastin!

• Allantoin (Symphytum officinale)

WHAT IT DOES:

This century old golden healer was originally used my monks to heal wounds, skin bruising, as a mouth and throat gargle, breath freshener and as a calming and astringent additive to soothing eye compresses.  Sourced from the Comfrey plant, Allantoin has been seen to assist in significantly, yet gently, heal damaged skin while stimulating cell maturation, cell division and exfoliation.  In addition, its ability to increase the water content of the skin makes this a preferred choice for intense hydration and moisturising in skin care formulations. Finally, this wonder plant is a source of potent anti-oxidants which fortify the skins defence against free radicals.

• Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis)

WHAT IT DOES:

This glorious South African lily like plant provides the skin with a complete First Aid Kit!  Sourced from the leaves of the Aloe plant, this super-juice extract is one of the most efficient and effective skin conditioning ingredients used in skincare.

HOW IT WORKS:

Being made mostly of water, up to 96% in fact, Aloe embalms the skin surface with a shield of ultra-conditioning hydration and anti-oxidants to reinforce the skin’s natural barrier function helping to prevent long term skin sensitisation and chronic dehydration. Used over centuries, and still to this day, to treat skin burns especially sun burn due to its powerful anti-inflammatory and healing ability.   It reseals critical moisture in the skin that’s been because of UVB induced inflammation, while healing and repairing UV damaged skin cells.

• Antioxidants

WHAT IT DOES:

This broadly used term defines a category of ingredients that exhibit similar characteristics in their ability to defend healthy skin cells from being degraded and destroyed by free radicals in the environment, our lifestyle and even in the foods we eat!

HOW IT WORKS:

Anti-oxidants provide back-up support to your skin’s own natural anti-oxidants such as Vitamin A, C and E.  When the skin is in a constant state of being exposed to free radicals these naturally present vitamins get worn down and eventually eaten up.  Anti-oxidants are recharge the body and skin’s own naturally occurring anti-oxidants so that body and skin cells live for longer, maintain their healthy function and continue to produce good quality products such as fats, proteins and essential skin sugars.  Their sources are as varied as their functions too.  Found in plants, fruits, vegetables, marine plants

• Apple Stem Cells

WHAT IT DOES:

Apple Stem Cells are derived from a very rare form of apple stem cell derived from a Swiss apple variety.  It is being hailed as the new generation of ingredient technology because of its ability to strengthen the longevity and health of human stem cells.

HOW IT WORKS:

When applied to the skin it is delivered into the deeper layers of the skin to strengthen and stimulate collagen and elastin producing stem cells.  In turn this this reduces wrinkle depth and appearance, improves overall skin elasticity, protects against UV induced skin ageing.

• Aqua / Water / Eau

WHAT IT DOES:

Water is the elixir of life.  The human body is made up of anywhere from 70-85% water alone.  Water provides the aqueous reservoir through which nutrients can travel, enzymes can function and organs can flush and purify themselves.  Water is a life essential and we cannot survive without it!

HOW IT WORKS:

When it comes to the skin, the largest organ of the human body, water is critical the health of the skin.  Dehydration is the term used to describe skins that feel parched, tight, appear flaky and lacklustre.  Fine lines can be a common characteristic of a lack of water in the skin tissues.  Water allows the skin to feel even, smooth and desquamate evenly.  It creates that glow in skin, enables the healthy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and nutrient exchange in and outside of skin cells.  Radiant healthy skin is a skin that is plump and juicy full of water for its structures and functions to conduct themselves at 100%.

*Cosmedix uses distilled water.

• Argan Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from the fruits of a native Moroccan tree, this precious nut oil was once thought of a rare jewel and highly south after for its deeply moisturising, skin conditioning powerful anti-oxidant, emollient and calming benefits.

HOW IT WORKS:

Omega 6 & 9 rich in oleic and linoleic acids and Vitamin E heal the delicate barrier function of the skin soothing Eczema, burns, rashes, severely dry skin, blemishes, discoloration, chapped lips and inflamed irritated psoriasis.   Its anti-oxidant strength comes its abundant content of polyphenols, plant derived super nutrients act like the skin own ‘garbage collectors’ to reduce oxidative stress and skin ageing.

• Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-3):

WHAT IT DOES:

Originally created by the Spanish company Lipotec, Argireline has been hailed as the non-surgical alternative to Botox! This wonder protein peptide is used throughout anti-ageing cosmeceutical formulations to reduce the appearance of your expression lines and wrinkles by aiding in relaxing facial muscles.

HOW IT WORKS:

Argireline acts by intercepting the pathway of muscle contractions.  When constant muscle contraction occurs, the muscles produce a chemical that contributes to deep expression lines.  Argireline has been seen to reduce the release of this chemical, catecholamine, thus reducing wrinkles.

Arnica (Arnica montana)

WHAT IT DOES:

Also, known as Wolfsbane, this dried flower head medicinal uses in history was deeply rooted in tinctures and astringent preparations for its anti-bruising and antimicrobial action. supports and protects to the delicate blood vessels that are vulnerable to breakage if the skins health is compromised by sensitivity, irritation, and inflammation.

HOW IT WORKS:

Arnica provides supportive relief to inflamed blood vessels present in more delicate sensitive skin conditions.  Arnica signals white blood cells to areas of the skin where there is inflammation and swelling aiding in the prevention of secondary infections that may arise due to open weeping skin in the case of Eczema and Psoriasis.

• Ascorbic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

More commonly known as Vitamin C, Ascorbic Acid is one of the skin’s best friends when it comes to age defence and maintaining the health of the skin.  Derived from nature’s rich sources of ascorbates such as leafy vegetables, berries, citrus fruits, guavas, tomatoes, melons and papaya. Lauded for its superior antioxidant benefits, this highly potent form of pure Vitamin C neutralises free radicals and protects skin against oxidative stress.  It’s anti-aging benefits are numerous including improving the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, calming irritated and sensitised skin conditions and controls inflammation and immune system reactivity during UV exposure.  One of the most important ingredients in the battle against pigmentation is of course Ascorbic Acid due to its powerful skin brightening effects.

HOW IT WORKS:

Ascorbic Acid scavenges and destroys reactive oxidizing free radicals known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by reinforcing the skin cells ability to prevent these toxic compounds from breaking into cell walls and attacking health DNA. In relation to pigmentation, Ascorbic Acid plays a critical role in blocking the pigment production pathways to brighten the skin and recue the appearance of skin discolouration’s.

• Asiatic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from Centella asiatica leave, Asiatic Acid is used for its for superior skin conditioning benefits for dull lacklustre skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Asiatic Acid conditions and plumps the skin by increasing collagen production and increasing the moisture volume of the deeper layers of the skin.  This in turn makes lines appear less obvious wrinkles smoother and skin more dewy and radiant in its appearance.

• Aspergillus/Aspidosperma Quebracho Ferment

WHAT IT DOES:

Possessing a unique anti-biotic gift, Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that provides gentle skin smoothing and reconditioning benefits while doubling as a skin brightener to reduce the appearance of pigmentation.

HOW IT WORKS:

Aspergillus exhibits beneficial effects on digesting and dissolving dead skin cells with its Keratolytic (keratin digesting) ability.  It acts by intercepting the melanin production process to aid in the reduction of pigmentation while on the surface darkened cells are removed.

• Avena Sativa Kernel Extract

WHAT IT DOES:

When it comes to the skin’s First Aid Kit this ingredient is at the top of our list! Sourced from the grinding of husk free oats, this natural wonder produces a healing and immune boosting milk that is second to none for treating inflamed, irritated and reactive skins and chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as Psoriasis and Eczema.

HOW IT WORKS:

Avena Sativa contains a specialised skin repairing protein called Beta-Glucan.  This specialised protein communicates with the skins immune system and its inflammatory regulators to control itching, burning, reactivity and irritation, almost instantaneously. The skin’s outer barrier function is soothed and sealed to aid in preventing future irritation.

• B5, B6, and B12

WHAT IT DOES:

Vitamin B5, B6 and B12 support normal cell function in the skin, controls sebum production, counteracts stress responses to aid in reducing inflammation in the skin and supports the nervous and hormone systems that are integral to the structures and functions of human skin.

• Bamboo Powder

WHAT IT DOES:

Finely pulverized Bamboo shoot makes for the perfect skin polishing treatment to brighten condition and prime the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Provides a form of mechanical or physical exfoliation whereby the movement of this ingredient over the skin surface aids to lift and remove dead skin cells from the top layers leaving it feeling smooth, soft and primed for ingredient absorption.

• Barberry Extract

WHAT IT DOES:

Used medicinally for centuries for its powerful anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory benefits, Barberry is rich in barberine which is the golden compound of this plant.  In addition, its high content of Vitamin C supports the skin in a myriad of functions to maintain its healthy function.

HOW IT WORKS:

Barberine, the active constituent of Berberry, assists in the reduction of inflammation oiliness, breakouts associated with oily skin conditions and acne.  The Vitamin C provides the skin with a boost of skin protecting antioxidants to protect against environmental stress.

• Barley Grass

WHAT IT DOES:

Extracted from the young soft green shoots of the Barley plant, this incredible super nutrient contains 7 times the Vitamin C in oranges and 5 times more iron than spinach! Naturally rich in Superoxide Dismutase, Barley grass is one of the most potent anti-oxidant sources in the plant world aiding in keeping UV-induced ageing at bay.

HOW IT WORKS:

This nutrient dense super food delivers an intense dose of alkalinity for the body helping to neutralise free radicals stabilise the environment of the digestive system for optimal nutrient uptake. It is high in fiber to assist in the body’s natural elimination processes.  This in turn aids in the cooling and soothing of inflammatory conditions in the body such as colitis and IBS.  Plus, it boosts the detoxification processes of the body including skin helping to keep it radiating with health and vitality.  Its high vitamin C content provides the skin with abundant rejuvenation benefits and has been seen to exhibit protective function for the skin against UV-induced ageing.

• Bentonite Clay

WHAT IT DOES:

Bentonite Clay, also referred to as Montmorillonite clay, is a volcanic ash derivative used extensively in skin care for its mineralising and deep cleansing, soothing and revitalising benefits for the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Absorbs excess sebum (oil) from the skin surface and draws toxins from the skin pores leaving the skin matte and shine free.  Bentonite increase the oxygen levels within cells enable healthy cell function to increase the skin vibrant appearance.  Its innate antibiotic ability helps keep open irritated skin conditions such as Eczema soothed and calm by preventing bacterial infections to take hold, therefore, keeping inflammation at bay.

• Bergamot Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

This gorgeous aromatic essential oil is extracted via cold compression from the rind of the pear-shaped orange fruit of the Bergamot tree.  Providing the skin with anti-bacterial, astringent, soothing and skin brightening properties Bergamot is a widely-used oil in many skin preparations.

HOW IT WORKS:

Bergamot Oil aids the skin in reducing excessive sebum (oil) in acne and oily skin conditions.  Its soothing properties are also used in preparations to treat Eczema, Psoriasis and irritated skin conditions.  Bergamot expresses the ability to control melanin production helping to even the tone of the skin post inflammatory hyper-pigmentation.

• Bisabolol

WHAT IT DOES:

Sourced from German Chamomile, Bisabolol is one of the most widely used anti-inflammatory ingredient used in modern skincare.  This multi-functional herbal extract soothes and comforts irritated stressed skins, imparts an astringent action for oily skin conditions and delivers a potent dose of anti-oxidant defense to the skin against daily assaults.  Finally, this genius ingredient enables the skin to maintain optimal hydration and moisture levels to aid in the penetration of other active ingredients into the deeper layers of the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Bisabolol boosts the skin hydration and surface skin lipids, moisture and skin elasticity. It triggers the skin’s own immune response bringing calming

• Borage Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Borage Oil is one of the nature’s best-kept secrets.  Being shown to have the highest levels of Gamma Linoleic Acid (GLA) of all plants, this golden oil is a super skin food!  It’s most favoured use throughout history and still to this day is for the treatment of inflamed skin conditions from Eczema to Psoriasis.

HOW IT WORKS:

Contains an essential fatty acid that is supportive to cell membranes. Topically, it moisturizes and provides protection for the natural oil barrier present in the skin helping to seal the skin against external stresses that cause skin inflammation.  Prostaglandins are key chemicals in controlling inflammation throughout the body, including the skin.  The high levels of GLA in Borage Oil increases the body’s own prostaglandin levels enable the skin to stay calm and free of inflammation.

• Bromelain Enzymes

WHAT IT DOES:

Pineapples are not only the fruit from the gods, they are also god sent for the skin! Within the stems of these delicious fruits lies protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzymes known as Bromelain.  Bromelain enzymes resurface, prime and condition the skin gently providing an alternative to hydroxy acids for skin exfoliation for sensitive skins.  When used in combination with Hydroxy Acids, Bromelain finishes the skin for precision skin smoothing effects.

HOW IT WORKS:

Bromelain digests skin cells by breaking down the protein (keratin) of the cell.  This action causes the bonds that hold cells together to also be released reducing flakiness and uneven skin tone.

• Butcher’s Broom

WHAT IT DOES

This prickly plant indigenous to the Mediterranean regions, aids in strengthening delicate skin prone to broken capillaries and flushing.  It is also a diuretic and be favorable for use around the eye are in eye creams to help reduce puffiness around the eyes.

HOW IT WORKS:

Butcher’s Broom strengthens blood vessel walls helping to prevent them from becoming weak and leaky as is the case with broken capillaries. Its ability to regulate the vascular system also see this wonder plant controlling itchiness and burning in the skin through its ability to control Mast Cell activity.  Its diuretic capabilities aid in flushing excess fluid away from the eye area helping to prevent puffiness.

• Butylene Glycol

WHAT IT DOES:

Delivers a sealing, conditioning and intensely hydrating treatment to the outer layers of the skin without leaving a greasy residue. Improves the appearance of fine lines and revives parched dehydrated skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

This ingredient is a humectant, meaning it can retain the moisture in the skin and bind additional moisture when it is added topically through skincare preparations.

• Caffeine

WHAT IT DOES:

Occurring naturally in coffee, tea, guarana paste and kola nuts, this ingredient is used in skincare and body product formulations due to its stimulating antioxidant and detoxifying benefits.

HOW IT WORKS:

When applied to the skin caffeine aids in product penetrating of other active ingredients and increases micro-circulation to aid in nutrient delivery and toxin removal.  When ingested caffeine has a more dramatic action as a stimulant as it triggers the cardiovascular, nervous and muscular systems resulting in increased energy, longer muscle endurance and can result in ‘the shakes’.

• Calendula Officinalis

WHAT IT DOES:

Calendula is harvested from the garden variety Marigold Flower.  Known for its soothing, calming and anti-inflammatory benefits resulting from its rich flavonoid content it is a favourite for any soothing skin care formulations.

HOW IT WORKS:

Calendula works directly on mucous membranes of the skin by reducing fluid, swelling and irritation released by the Mast cells when the skin is inflamed.  Its flavonoid content provides a dose of super anti-oxidants shielding cell membranes from free radical damage and environmental assault and preventing associated inflammation.  Calendula possesses antibacterial properties so when combined into acne formulas it is a genius ingredient for targeting the bacteria of the breakouts while helping to reduce breakout inflammation.

• Canadian Willowherb

WHAT IT DOES:

This little gem is the golden goose from nature’s pharmacy because of its rapid soothing, calming and heat reducing action on the skin. It’s ideal for treating Eczema, Psoriasis and other inflamed skin conditions where immediate relief from inflammatory discomfort is required.

HOW IT WORKS:

Canadian Willowherb exhibits a non-steroid action on the swollen, painful and irritated skin.  Much like a topically applied steroid cream would work, this extract has the ability to signal anti-inflammatory mediators in the skin to significantly if not completely reduce pain, heat and swelling within a 48-hour period.

• Ceramides

WHAT IT DOES: 

Ceramides are a class of waxy lipids that perform a vital task for a healthy functioning skin.   In human skin, ceramides are the major lipid constituents of the stratum Corneum (outermost layer of the skin) and, together with other lipids, they play a crucial role in the healthy function of the skin barrier to prevent chronic dehydration, skin irritations and reactions.  Ceramides play an integral role in healthy cell signaling, allowing cells to divide, mature and die in an orderly, organised and healthy manner.

• Cetyl Alcohol

WHAT IT DOES:

This delightful waxy moisturising alcohol provides the skin with soft and smooth conditioning through its emollient effect on the skin surface.  It aids in binding oil and water together when mixed in creams, lotions, and emulsions to ensure they do not separate over time.

HOW IT WORKS:

The waxy molecules of this alcohol impart a supple texture for the skin surface while melting into gaps in the skin like a sealant where there is a lack of natural oils.  They bind and hold the oil and water molecules together preventing separation in creams and lotions and emulsions.

• Chamomile Extract

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from a variety of delicate daisy-like plant species including Roman, German and Hungarian, Chamomile swathes the skin with a comforting, soothing balm of anti-inflammatory protection and healing benefits.

HOW IT WORKS:

When ingested in tea form Chamomile tones and soothes irritated digestive systems and has an overall calmative effect making this a preferred herb for bedtime and relaxation herbal teas.  When applied to the skin through skin care formulas it has the action of reducing swelling and inflammation in the mucous membranes of the skin.

• Chlorella

WHAT IT DOES:

Made up of 60% protein containing 8 essential amino acids, this Green Algae species provides the skin with a complete skin food source of protein building nutrients.  In addition, it is a rich source of provides 300% of the daily requirement of B12 and Vitamin C making it an essential edition into any anti-ageing skin care formula for skin rejuvenation and regeneration.  A super-nutrient for internal body cleansing, detoxifying and rejuvenation of all body cells as it supplies an abundant number of phytonutrients, including amino acids, chlorophyll, beta-carotene, potassium, phosphorous, biotin, magnesium and the B-complex vitamins.

HOW IT WORKS:

Chlorella exhibits powerful binding action to heavy metals that accumulate in the soft tissues and organs in the body.  Once bound to these heavy metals chlorella aids in passing them through the digestive system for detoxifying and eventual elimination from the body. Chlorella’s anti-ageing benefits lie in its rich source of vitamin A, vitamin C, and glutathione, key antioxidants that protect cell membranes from environmental stress and assault.

• Citric Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

An alpha-hydroxy acid

HOW IT WORKS:

Citric acid varies the pH of a formula to maintain the stability of ingredients and buffer formulation so they are not too stripping or alkaline for the skins natural moisturising barrier. Critic Acid will lower the pH of skin peels and exfoliation products to ensure efficient ‘peeling’ of the desired layers of the epidermis.

• Citrus

WHAT IT DOES:

Citrus is a broad term used to describe a family of ingredients derived from citrus fruits.  These include organs, lemons, grapefruits, limes, tangerines, tangelos, blood organs and Bergamot fruit.  Citrus is extracted from various parts of the plant including the leaves, peel, juice, flowers and pulp.  Its functions in skincare are various but one of the most notable functions if for its ability to provide an uplifting, refreshing and invigorating aroma to any product.  It’s used for its skin brightening benefits, astringent properties and for its wonderful melody of anti-ageing antioxidants it feeds into the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

The main constituent of Citrus is, of course, Vitamin C.  Vitamin C imparts powerful antibacterial, anti-inflammatory skin restructuring benefits.  It’s one of the main components for building healthy and new collagen, the skin plumping protein of our skin.  When topically applied, Vitamin C can be absorbed into the deeper layers of the skin to target melanin producing cells helping to reduce pigmentation.  Its acidic pH helps to liquefy sticky sebum and control excessive oil skin conditions.

• Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone)

WHAT IT DOES:

A fat-soluble vitamin-like substance found everywhere in the human body is vital to the production of energy within all its cells. Improves collagen and glycosaminoglycan levels in the Dermis helping to plump out wrinkles while encouraging your Epidermis to renew itself and regenerate.  Coenzyme Q10 provides skin cells DNA with age-defying antioxidant protection against UV exposure.

HOW IT WORKS:

As an antioxidant, it restores Vi

• Copper

WHAT IT DOES:

Copper, more specifically copper peptides, are widely used in skincare for their anti-ageing benefits stimulating the thickening, plumping and firmness of ageing skin.  Hailed for its skin plumping and wrinkle reducing results, copper is an essential for any anti-ageing regimen.

HOW IT WORKS:

Copper plumps the skin by increasing Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen volumes in deeper layers of this skin helping to smooth wrinkles and the appearance of fine lines and restore the skin’s natural radiance.  Copper aids in the even distribution of melanin helping to tone the skin evenly as it ages and supports other antioxidants in their battle against environmental free radical skin ageing.

• Cucumber

WHAT IT DOES:

The multi-talented cucumiform fruit is a common household vegetable that has been used for centuries to soothe and calm skin inflammation.  It’s a wonder veg for its anti-itching, refreshing and calming benefits. With its high-water content cucumbers soothes and tightens hydrates and regulates skin moisture.

HOW IT WORKS:

Cucumbers polyphenol content assists the skin in its fight against oxidative stress, one of the causes of skin ageing.  The high-water content (up to 95%) of cucumbers acts as a refrigerant agent to cool and soothe inflamed skin conditions, while humectant properties of the juice provide surface skin moisture, conditioning and tightening effects.

• Dimethicone:

WHAT IT DOES:

Also, known as polymethylsiloxane, Dimethicone is a skin conditioner, skin protectant used throughout skin care formulations for its velvety soft lightweight moisturising treatment on the skin. Often found in skincare product targeted towards healing the skin or for formulas require oil free moisturisation.  Cosmetic primers often contain Dimethicone due to its flawless priming of the skin prior to makeup application.

HOW IT WORKS:

Dimethicone lays an occlusive, protective, breathable shield over the skin sealing and healing any impaired barrier function.   Its sealing ability retains the natural moisture in the skin boosting hydration, smoothing fine lines and leaving a supple finish to the skin.

• Eucalyptus

WHAT IT DOES:

Eucalyptus provides the skin with a vast array of rewards for maintaining its health and functions.  Extracted from the fresh leaves of the eucalyptus tree, this medicinal plant has been used for centuries for its detoxifying, purifying, antibacterial and astringent effects on oily and acne prone skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Eucalyptol, the main constituent of eucalyptus, is the source of the fresh, uplifting and medicinal aroma which has the benefits of awakening the senses and improving concentration not to mention clearing and expectorant benefits for the sinuses and associated congestion.  In addition, eucalyptol expresses antibiotic benefits making it one the most effective treatments for treating acne breakouts.

• Fruit Acids

WHAT IT DOES:

These miracle acids are the cornerstone of anti-ageing, skin rejuvenation and decongesting treatments in skin care today. Fruit acids are a category of ingredients more commonly known as Alpha and Beta Hydroxy Acids.  These incredible skin regenerative ingredients are used in skincare in various strengths at pH and percentages.  Each fruit acid has its own unique size and action when it comes to how it benefits the skin and how deep it works on the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

These naturally occurring acids have a low pH which enables them to dissolve and break the bonds that hold dead skin cells together.  When initiated additional biological changes occur in the skin whereby an increase of moisture and ceramides occurs helping to smooth and recondition any skin types and condition.

• Geranium Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

This sweet scented heavenly essential oil is an excellent astringent, skin toner and antibacterial when used in skincare products. Its anti-inflammatory and skin healing properties make it a regular feature in formulation’s treating sensitised skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis.

HOW IT WORKS:

Helps to increase circulation in the skin tissues, improving the overall health of the skin.

• Glucosamine

WHAT IT DOES:

Glucosamine is a nutrient that is found in all human cells, including skin cells!  It is one of the skin’s most favoured choice nutrients for anti-ageing, apart from Vitamin C, because of its skin plumping, wrinkle reducing and skin smoothing benefits.  The skin appears more radiant, healthy and youthful in its appearance with regular application of glucosamine in a skincare product.

HOW IT WORKS:

Glucosamine forms part of the skin’s own Natural Moisturising Factors (NMF) and builds up moisture levels in the skin to prevent dryness and dehydration.  It supplies vital Nitrogen to the skin’s integral structures and enhances the exchange of nutrients in and out of cells to maintain their health and vitality. Wrinkles appear smooth and less obvious due to Glucosamine’s ability to keep the Epidermis (the outer skin layer) in tighter alignment with the Dermis (deeper skin layers including Collagen and Elastin network.  Forms part of the skin’s Natural Moisturising Factor (NMF).

• Glutathione

WHAT IT DOES:

This little protein is found in a variety of bitter greens and has a unique ability to wake up your skin’s little workers (enzymes) to do their jobs in fighting the ageing process.  It expresses potent antioxidant protection for cells against UV damage and environmental ageing while also playing a crucial role in the production of melanin in the skin.  It is one of the key ingredients used in skin brightening products to target areas of skin discoloration resulting from hyperpigmentation.

HOW IT WORKS:

that are required for melanin to be produced) to determine the amount of dark pigment produced in the skin.

• Glycerin

WHAT IT DOES:

Such an oldie but such a goodie!  Glycerin has been used extensively throughout the history of skincare.  Its multi-functional applications help smooth the skin, maintains its hydration, and allows creams to glide effortlessly over the skin surface leaving a soft and supple finish.  HOW IT WORKS:

HOW IT WORKS:

This versatile skin conditioner is a humectant which draws moisture from the surrounding air to keep skin and hair moist and soft.  Its fatty waxy properties provide the emollient and skin lubricating benefits.

• Glycolic acid:

WHAT IS DOES:

Glycolic Acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid derived from that deeply and rapidly resurfaces, re-conditions, toughened sun damaged.  Thickened oily and congested skin conditions find great relief from this gem of a Hydroxy Acid for its deep boring impact on tightly congested pores.

HOW IT WORKS:

The small molecular size of this acid enables it to penetrate deep and quickly.  This causes the intercellular bonds of skin cells to be broken and cells to be readily sloughed off the surface or purged from the pores themselves.

• Grape Seed Extract

WHAT IT DOES: 

Grape Seed Extract is sourced from ground-up seeds of red wine grapes and is one the most celebrated as a super anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory for the skin.  A common feature in most skin regenerative and anti-ageing skincare products, grape seed provides the skin with multiple protective and preventive benefits to treat ageing skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

The antioxidant properties of Grape Seed known as OPC’s, protect the skin from the UV-induced oxidative stress from free radicals by binding these toxic molecules and preventing them from attacking healthy skin cells.  The high resveratrol content reduces heat, swelling, and inflammation in skin tissues.

• Grapefruit Extract /Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Expressed from the fresh peels of grapefruits, this uplifting and refreshingly scented oiI is used in skincare for its astringent, toning and deep cleansing benefits.  Historically known as the “forbidden fruits of Barbados”, grapefruit extracts are peppered throughout many skin care preparations targeting oily and acne skins.  It is favored for these skin conditions for its antibacterial, antioxidant and brightening benefits giving the skin clarity and renewed radiance.

HOW IT WORKS

The low acidity and high Vitamin C content of this sunny citrus fruit allow it to perform the functions of being an antibacterial and skin-brightening ingredient.  It’s natural Salicylic Acid content smoothing the surface and deep cleanses of the skin pores.

• Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis)

WHAT IT DOES: 

Green Tea is one of the most incredible plants produced by Mother Nature.  Not only does it provide the skin with incredible antioxidants but it imparts some of the most effective anti-inflammatory effects of all plant life.  It is used extensively throughout product formulation for its anti-bacterial benefits especially when used on acne breakout prone skins.

HOW IT WORKS:

Green Tea is naturally rich in antioxidant polyphenols that protect cell structures to prevent UV-induced DNA damage.  The catechins in Green Tea provide the anti-bacterial benefits especially on the coli family of bacteria’s.    The catechin ECGC in Green Tea signals the anti-inflammatory mediators of the skin while inhibiting the production of melanin.

• Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica)

WHAT IT DOES:

Sourced from the leaves of the Gotu Kola plant, this super-herb is a rich source of Vitamins, phytonutrients, and minerals making it a favourite in many skincare ranges for maintaining the health of the skin.  Contains skin rejuvenation, astringent, detoxifying and calming properties essential for keeping ageing skin healthy and taut!   It has been hailed for its skin healing attributes for delicate irritated skin conditions especially where healing is necessary such in the case of Eczema and Dermatitis.

HOW IT WORKS:

Gotu Kola’s nutrient dense properties encourage the healthy production of collagen for skin plumping and reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fines lines.  In addition, the skin rejuvenation benefits are derived from these herbs innate ability to encourage the healthy production of the skin’s own Natural Moisturising Factors, keeping the skin supple, hydrated and free from foreign invaders.

• Hyaluronic Acid

HOW IT WORKS:

HA can hold 1,000 times its own weight in water which gives it its gel-like pliable consistency.   provides hydration for the skin without clogging pores, making it an ideal ingredient for acne-prone skin.  Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, a low molecular weight, low particle sized form of hyaluronic acid offers a deeply hydrating ability to penetrate the skin’s stratum Corneum. It does not wash off, but rather remains in the skin to trap water and deliver longer lasting and deeper moisturising hydration for the epidermis.

• Iron Oxides

WHAT IT DOES:

Naturally derived colouring agents used widely in cosmetics to provide colour and camouflage for the skin.  They can be found in foundations, powders, blushers and lipsticks.  Made synthetically for safe use in cosmetics and skincare, these pigments range in colour from orange, yellow, red and black.  Iron Oxides are the more preferred choice of colouring for skincare products and cosmetics as an alternative to Comedogenic irritating artificial D&C colours known to cause acne cosmetica and contact dermatitis.  They provide a flawless finish to the skin and keeps the skin moisturised and hydrated.

HOW IT WORKS:

Composed of iron and oxygen, these compounds change colour when water is added to their volume.  The amount of water added determines the depth and vividness of the colours.   Iron Oxides contains light reflecting particles that enable to skin to appear more radiant, contoured and even when applied.

• Jojoba Oil (Buxus Chinensis)

WHAT IT DOES:

Adored my the American Indians for its lightweight ultra-lubricating benefits, Jojoba Oil has been a staple for many skin care products throughout the centuries.  Forming the base of many products targeted towards ageing and dry skin, this liquid gold (in fact, it’s really a wax), treats dry, ageing and dehydrated skins to a soothing and skin softening treatment only matched by human sebum itself.  For oily breakout skin conditions, Jojoba oil offers a soothing option for deep cleansing and clearing clogged pores while its naturally high Iodine content works as an antibacterial on stubborn breakouts.

HOW IT WORKS:

As it is similar in composition to human sebum, Jojoba oil provides a lightweight easily absorbed oil for supreme hydrating and skin conditioning benefits for all skin types and conditions.   It imparts powerful regenerative and healing results for repairing dry, irritated and sensitised skin.  Jojoba oil can also emulsify the thicker, sticky waxes in human sebum that cause breakouts, clogged pores in oily, acne prone skins.

• Lactic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

This Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) is a multi-functional ingredient and is incorporated into many types of skincare products.  It’s most noted for its anti-ageing, skin resurfacing, moisture restoring benefits.  It hydrates, smooths and conditions the skin while reducing the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and  pigmentation.   Found in cleansers, exfoliators, serums and eye creams, Lactic Acid is a must-have ingredient to look for to keep the skin in optimal health.

HOW IT WORKS:

Lactic Acid is a skin digestive agent which softens surface dead skin cells for skin smoothing and softening.  It increases the water-holding capacity of the skin by optimising the quality and quantity of the skin’s own Natural Moisturising Factors.  It is considered a less sensitising solution for skin resurfacing as it has a larger molecular size, therefore, penetrates at a slower more regulated pace into the skin and has been seen to have longer lasting stimulation to the skin’s cell renewal process.  Lactic acid aids in the stopping the melanogenesis pathway helping to reduce pigmentation.

• Lavender Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Extracted from the glutathione, catalase, and SOD making it one of the skin’s best friends when it comes to anti-ageing!

HOW IT WORKS:

Lavender strengthens the immune response in the skin enabling the skin to stay consistently calm and free of irritation.  When the skin is inflamed, Lavender initiates vasoconstriction of the blood vessels relieving itching, burning, and heat.   Psychologically when inhaled lavender accesses the Limbic system in the brain which produces a chemical reaction whereby calming hormones are released in the body allowing muscles to relax, blood pressure to settle and moods to balance.

• Lecithin

WHAT IT DOES:

Lethicin is a term used to describe the fatty substances derived from animal and plant sources, primarily egg yolks and soya beans, used primarily in skin care products to smooth, nourish and condition the skin.  A favourite ingredient used in dry skin products, Lethicin can also be used on any skin condition for its lightweight non-greasy moisturising benefits

HOW IT WORKS:

Lethicin conditions the skin and keeps it supple due to its antioxidant function of keeping cell membranes soft and pliable to prevents them from become rigid and hardened as we age.  This would look like dull, rough and lackluster skin with poor tone and elasticity.   Lethicin restores skin luminosity and natural radiance, improves the appearance of fine lines and restores a fresh dewy radiance back to the skin.

• Lemon Tea Tree Oil (Leptospermum petersonii.)

WHAT IT DOES:

Being a potent astringent, antibacterial and deep cleansing oil is widely used to treat oily and breakout prone skins.  This essential oil also has an anti-inflammatory benefit to bring relief to inflamed and painful breakouts helping to heal them faster and prevent further infection.

HOW IT WORKS:

This lemony oil is rich in Citrol which exhibits the strong antibacterial, astringent and anti-inflammatory benefits.

• Lemongrass

WHAT IT DOES:

Lemongrass is a nutrient dense nutritional aid supplying some of the most important vitamins and minerals for the healthy functioning of the human body.  It contains Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, folate and vitamin C. It also provides essential minerals such as magnesium, phosphorous, manganese, copper, potassium, calcium, zinc and iron.  Its medicinal uses have been seen to relieve inflammed conditions of the digestive system, soothe muscular aches and pains, relieve headaches, treat bacterial infections and viruses while strengthening the body’s immune system.

HOW IT WORKS:

• Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra)

WHAT IT DOES:

when used in skincare products, this wonder plant is a potent inhibitor of melanin production aiding in reducing and controlling future over production of melanin especially post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.  In addition, it offers the skin powerful anti-inflammatory protection against UVB-induced erythema.

HOW IT WORKS:

Powerful anti-inflammatory against UVB-induced erythema

• Macadamia Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from the fruit of an evergreen tree Macadamia Oil is used in skincare for its incredible skin softening and emollient properties it brings to the skin especially dry, dehydrated and lackluster, ageing skin.  Its lightweight texture protects and strengthens the skin’s natural barrier function by restoring a sophisticated combination of nourishment, suppleness, and hydration.

HOW IT WORKS:

With a similar make-up to that of human sebum (oil), Macadamia Oil is readily absorbed and utilized in the skin.  This is due to its fatty acid composition which the skin easily identifies and knows how to use for the ongoing health of the skin.  The Oleic acid content is moisturising and anti-inflammatory, making it perfect for a dry, sensitive skin types. The Linoleic acid restores the skin’s barrier function and keeps the skin supple and hydrated

Palmitoleic Acid in Macadamia Oil is extremely healing and repairing for skin conditions such as Eczema, Psoriasis, and Dermatitis.  Its Phytosterols assist in delivering other active ingredients to the deepest layers of the skin where they are needed most when it comes to age prevention and correction.

• Malic Acid

HOW IT WORKS:

Malic Acid is a member of the Alpha Hydroxy Acid family.  It disrupts the bonds between surface dead skin cells helping them to slough off evenly and consistently leaving the skin smoother and more luminous in appearance.

• Mallow (Malva sylvestris)

WHAT IT DOES:

The herbaceous Mallow plant produces a striking purple flower that houses the secret wonders of this remarkable skin healer and rejuvenator. It’s proven anti-inflammatory, healing, soothing, refreshing, and emollient benefits for the skin are attributed to mallow’s ability to swell and form a soft, soothing, protective gel on the skin’s surface.

HOW IT WORKS:

Mallow contains many chains of sticky little sugars, called polysaccharides.  These sugars lay over the skin surface and have a soothing action on all mucous membranes of the skin while helping to stimulate cell regeneration and repair.  These polysaccharides bind to water in the skin to plumping out the appearance of fine lines and restoring radiance back to neglected skin.

• Mandelic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from bitter almonds, Mandelic Acid has become a favored Hydroxy Acid for the treatment of common ageing concerns of dull dry skin, wrinkles, and fine lines, pigmentation and acne prone skin. This gentle AHA exfoliator gently increases cell turnover surpassing the skin renewal results of Glycolic Acid and while detoxifying the skin.  Its deep moisturising properties leave the skin smooth and conditioned.

HOW IT WORKS:

Mandelic Acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid which dissolves the bonds between surface skin cells allowing them to be exfoliated off the skin improving its luminosity and reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Mandelic acid is a powerful sebum-regulator (regulates oil production) and its powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties see it work rapidly and effectively on acne prone skin.

• Melissa Officinalis

WHAT IT DOES:

Melissa contains compounds of citral, citronellal, and trans-caryophyllene which exhibit the anti-microbial actions helping to purify and detoxify oily congested skin conditions while providing light-weight moisturisation and hydration.

• Menthol (Menta arvensis).

WHAT IT DOES:

Sourced from Peppermint and mint oils, menthol imparts a cooling, refreshing and enlivening sensation and provides astringent actions for oily skin conditions.  For sensitive skins menthol imparts a soothing, astringent and inflammatory effect to reduce redness and heat in the skin in instances where there is itchiness, sunburn or other inflammation present in the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Menthol, when applied topically in a cream, gel or mist, stimulates the specialised thermal receptors in the skin activating the cooling sensation which menthol is known for.

• Mica

WHAT IT DOES:

Light-reflective minerals that provide an extensive range of colours for cosmetic formulations;

HOW IT WORKS:

When pulverised into a fine powder by enhancing the light reflective capability of the surface of the skin where it is naturally absent as in dull, dry, dehydrated skin.  This provides for a more radiant and luminous complexion.

• Mineral Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Cosmetic grade mineral oil is a pure and contaminant free form of petrolatum.  Widely used as a skin lubricant and surface occlusive in cosmetic products including moisturisers, cream cleansers, foundations, lipsticks, cream blushes, eyeshadow and lip glosses.

HOW IT WORKS:

Mineral oil lays a light-weight and fine film on the skin surface that enables moisture to be retained in the skin.  It has an emollient texture offering skin conditioning benefits for dry and dehydrated skin conditions.

• Mulberry Root (Morus Alba)

WHAT IT DOES:

Mulberry root is a common ingredient used for the treatment of pigmentation, age spots, and uneven skin tone by targeting over-production of the skin’s natural pigment (Melanin) to create a more even appearance to skin colour and an overall skin brightening effect.

HOW IT WORKS:

Mulberry works by inhibiting the activity of Tyrosinase, a skin enzyme responsible for producing melanin (skin colour).  When this enzyme is unable to function properly it cannot signal cells to make melanin.

• Niacinamide – Vitamin B3

WHAT IT DOES:

Improves skin moisturisation reducing fine lines while improving the skin’s overall hydration and luminosity.  It soothes and calms the barrier function of the skin reducing the inflammation and irritation associated with skin conditions such as Dermatitis and Eczema.  Niacinamide is used to control oily shine and significantly reduces breakout activity, severity and longevity making it a regular feature in products targeting acne and oily skin conditions. This multi-purpose antioxidant is commonly used for the treatment of pigmentation and skin discolorations helping to improve skin tone and brighten the complexion.

HOW IT WORKS:

Niacinamide suppresses melanosome (small parcels of pigment) transfer to reduce problem pigmentation conditions associated with sun exposure, pregnancy, and medications. Its actions in acne formulations are attributed to its mattifying effect on sebum vitamin helping to reduce oily shine skin blockages and breakouts.  Niacinamide regulates all the normal functions of the skin, therefore, improving the overall health and condition of the skin.

• Oat Glucans – Oats (Avena sativa)

WHAT IT DOES:

recovery of damaged tissue more commonly seen in irritated skin conditions such as Eczema and Dermatitis and have been shown to increase the healing time of infected skin lesions in the case of Grade 3 and 4 Acne.

HOW IT WORKS:

Oat glucans also are known as Beta Glucans suppress the communication of inflammatory mediators in the body and skin.  They can signal the immune systems defense and repair processes helping to heal and calm the skin while reinforcing the moisture and strengthening the skin’s barrier function.

• Octinoxate

WHAT IT DOES:

This gentle chemical filter is used in sunscreen formulas to protect the skin from the damaging and ageing effects of UVB rays.

HOW IT WORKS:

Chemical filter sunscreens provide their protection via their ability to absorb harmful UV rays, convert them into less harmful compounds and then scatter them as heat within the skin.

• Octocrylene

WHAT IT DOES:

A popular additive used in sunscreen products for its emollient and moisture retaining properties, keeping the skin smooth and soft.  It provides a gentle and less irritating option for UV-absorbing chemical sunscreens to minimise UV-induced ageing.  This effective sunscreen can be found in specific types of products ranging from BB cream, sunscreen, CC cream, tanning accelerators and much more.

HOW IT WORKS:

Octocrylene works like a wing-man for other sunscreen ingredients to help them coat the skin efficiently to prevent sun-induced skin damage.  It neutralizes the action of UV when it hits the skin providing its own sunscreen effects while boosting the skin’s moisture levels to reduce the appearance of fine lines and improve the luminosity of the skin.

• Olive Oil (Olea europaea)

WHAT IT DOES:

This powerful source of natural Squalane provides sophisticated skin nourishing, repairing and rejuvenating benefits for all skin conditions.  Olive oil is loaded with free radical neutralising antioxidants to prevent further damage to the skin from environmental factors while helping to improve fine lines, wrinkles and revive the radiance of an ageing skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Olive oil is dense in skin nutrient fatty acids which are essential factors for maintaining a soft, supple and hydrated skin.  Anti-oxidants such as skin regulating Vitamin A, plus polyphenols and phytosterols plus the rare compound hydroxytyrosol replenish depleted antioxidant levels in the skin making this oil a powerful weapon to fight skin ageing.

• Orange oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Extracted from the fresh peel of the ripe fruit of the sweet orange blossom tree, organic oil is a widely used essential oil for its delightfully fragrant, soothing and antiseptic properties.  Being one of the strongest of the anti-inflammatory essential oils, orange oil is used extensively in products targeting ageing and sensitive skin conditions and is widely known for its ability to help calm sensitive or irritated skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Orange oil is rich in Limonene, a compound that exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and immune boosting properties for the skin.

• Panthenol (Vitamin B complex factor/pro-vitamin B5)

WHAT IT DOES:

Panthenol, also known as the Beauty Vitamin, combines the benefits of a nutrient-dense dose of hydrating, emollient, and anti-inflammatory factors in one Vitamin!  It calms and soothes irritated skin conditions, relieves itching and soothes sunburn while aiding the skin’s natural healing and repair processes. Panthenol stimulates cell renewal while supporting underlying skin tissues integrity maintaining the skin natural and healthy processes.

HOW IT WORKS:

Panthenol is a humectant meaning it can bind moisture and hold onto it in the skin helping to keep the skin soft, supple and hydrated.  Its ability to penetrate deep into the skin enables this wonder vitamin to access layers of the skin where hydration is critical for keeping the skin plump, wrinkle-free and calm!

• Papain/Papain enzymes

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from the unripened green papaya fruit, this clever and highly potent little enzyme gently smooths and resurfaces the skin without having to use low pH or high % doses.  It feeds the skin antioxidants protection while imparting a skin softening and moisturising finish to reveal a more healthy and vibrant complexion.  Its skin-brightening benefits see it as a highlight ingredient for treating pigmentation.

HOW IT WORKS:

With it, Proteolytic (protein digesting) capabilities this enzyme digests and dissolves dead skin cells that adhere to the surface of the skin.  The small molecular size of papain allows it to penetrate deep into skin follicles for decongesting and blemish reducing results.  Rich in Vitamin A, C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, pantothenic acid and folic acid, papain supplies the skin with a melody of anti-ageing antioxidants.   Papain can interrupt the melanin production process and inhibit the Tyrosinase enzyme which is a critical component for making melanin.

• Peppermint

WHAT IT DOES:

Provides a soothing treatment for digestion, calms body aches and pains, aids cramping and the flushing of toxic build-up from the body and skin.  Provides a refreshing burst of comfort to the skin whilst calming any inflammation associated with rashes, breakouts, and sunburn.  Its powerful anti-microbial properties find peppermint oil a welcome home in many acne-fighting formulas.

HOW IT WORKS:

Peppermint oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, iron, magnesium, calcium, Vitamins A and C, minerals, potassium, manganese, and copper which are all critical nutrients for the treatment of acne, inflammation and revitalising a dull lackluster complexion.  It contains menthol, an organic compound expresses anaesthetic properties that help soothe the discomfort of digestive and skin inflammations.

• Peptides

WHAT IT DOES:

Where to start!  These wonder ingredients are the cornerstone of all age prevention and corrective formulations.  With a variety of uses, as a collective, peptides plump out wrinkles, prevent skin sagging, stimulate cell regeneration, smooth the skin’s texture and regenerate tired weathered skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Peptides act as messengers for the skin tissues and they signal various biological processes that slow down as the skin ages.  They stimulate collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid production to smooth wrinkles, increase skin volume and rejuvenate the skin for a more youthful appearance.

• Phospholipids

WHAT IT DOES:

Phospholipids are a group of complex fatty substances that naturally exist in all living cells including the cells of human skin.  Their primary function is to reinforce the skin’s natural protection and resistance to the external challenges of free radical damage.  With superior hydrating properties, these fatty substances are a must when treating skin irritations, extreme dryness, and general devitalised skin conditions in order restore it back to its supple and dewy appearance.

HOW IT WORKS:

Phospholipids perform the functions of marinating the cell membranes and signaling messages in and out of cells.  To maintain a healthy and vibrant complexion these lipids must be at optimal levels and in good condition. These complex fats control the amount of water that the skin holds and binds to, to prevent fine lines and keep the skin supple and radiant.  Most importantly phospholipids act as antioxidants against the constant attack of free radicals and signal anti-inflammatory agents in the skin soothing the skin and restoring calm.

• Phytosterols

WHAT IT DOES:

Plant-derived skin rejuvenators that stimulate cell division and healthy maturing of skin cells to produce a glowing and radiant appearance to the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

These magical plant sterols smooth and plump the skin by stimulating collagen production and has been seen to have a parallel antioxidant effect in protecting and maintaining the health and integrity of existing collagen.  This means fewer wrinkles, smoother skin, and a more youthful appearance.

• Resveratrol

WHAT IT DOES:

Sourced from fermented grape skins and red wine, Resveratrol protects the skin from age-accelerating free radical damage by shielding natural skin oils that are vital for the healthy functioning of the skin.  In addition, it regulates healthy skin growth and repair while aiding in calming and soothing irritated and sensitive skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

Belonging to the family of polyphenols with specific anti-microbial properties, this power nutrient inhibits the effects of UVB radiation on the skin.   It acts as a silent information regulator to promote healthy cell life and cell longevity improving the appearance of dull, tired skin, overnight!  Resveratrol has been shown to reduce 5-lipoxygenase, an inflammatory agent and therefore rather than cooling any existing inflammation, resveratrol can prevent inflammation from occurring in the first place while inhibiting inflammatory mediators in the skin.

• Retinoic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

Also known Tretinoin, Retinoic Acid is a Vitamin A derivative used for its skin rejuvenation benefits and its ability to treat acne, ageing and sun damaged skin. More commonly prescribed due to its intensive action on the skin, Retinoic acid improves skin suppleness, texture, and hydration to restore a luster and youthful radiance back to ageing dull and lifeless skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

It promotes collagen synthesis and regulates normal cell function and is easily and rapidly absorbed into the skin causing irritation in some skins due to rapid stimulating effects in cell behaviours.

• Retinol (Retinyl Palmitate)

WHAT IT DOES:

This Lipid-soluble vitamin A helps to smooth and recondition dry, thick and rough skin by encouraging the skin’s natural exfoliation processes helping to even out skin tone, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improve the overall appearance of ageing skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

This slow-releasing form of Retinoic Acid is a gentler and more progressive form of Vitamin A therapy for treating age-related skin conditions.   Retinol is converted to Retinoic Acid within the skin to perform its anti-ageing and skin regenerating functions without drying or irritating the skin.  The skin uses Retinoic Acid to produce new collagen giving the skin a plumper youthful appearance.

• Rice Bran Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Extracted from the inner germ of rice husks, this deeply conditioning and skin nourishing oil coats the skin in a balm of ultra-rich essential fatty acids enabling skin cells to maintain their healthy function and vitality while improving skin suppleness and elasticity.  Naturally rich in Vitamin E, Rice Bran Oil is preferred for healing and repairing sensitive skin conditions such as Eczema and Psoriasis and impaired skin barrier irritations.

HOW IT WORKS:

Rich in Vitamin E, oryzanol and polyphenols, inflammation is prevented regulated and controlled.  Antioxidant Vit E nourishes skin cells preventing UV-induced ageing free radical damage and smoothing the skin surface.

• Rose Otto Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Steam distilled from Rosa damascene flowers, this precious deep floral, slightly spicy and highly fragrant enchanting essential oil used for its incredible perfume and is most suited to a mature, dry, sensitive and ageing skin for its potent hydrating and nourishing effects.

HOW IT WORKS:

Rose Otto Oil is absorbed deep into skin tissues and effortlessly moisturises the skin seeing dryness easily reduced and complexion smoother and softer. ​ Rose oil expresses an astringent and tonic effect on capillaries making it a therapeutic choice for the treatment of broken capillaries and sensitive skin conditions.  Its Antioxidant properties promote cell turnover and stimulate the skin back into healthy optimal function and condition.

Skin blemishes and breakouts are efficiently treated with the rose for its anti-bacterial properties, helping skin types that are prone to acne or rosacea.

• Rosehips

WHAT IT DOES:

Sourced from the fruits of various species of wild roses, Rosehip contains an abundant source of Omega Oils, antioxidants, and Vitamins that provides all skin conditions with uncompromised skin smoothing, healing and regenerating benefits.

HOW IT WORKS:

The antioxidant protective ability of its vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin D, and B-carotene, embalms the skin with a melody of antioxidants to guard against free radical damage.  Rosehip oil’s healing properties are due to its rich essential fatty acid content, specifically oleic, palmitic, linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Rosehip oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (vitamin F), also known as an essential fatty acid (EFA), and when absorbed through the skin, these fatty acids convert to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGE), which are involved in the repair and regeneration of damaged skin tissues.

• Rosemary oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Extracted from the fresh flowering tops of the Rosemary plant (rosemary Officinalis), rosemary is used for which protect the skin from free radical damage, aids in reducing breakout activity by targeting the bacteria that hides inside skin pores and soothes any associated inflammation.  Its uplifting aroma provides a signature aroma to many astringent and deep cleansing products.

HOW IT WORKS:

Its powerful botanic antimicrobial properties give this aromatic beauty its multitude of benefits for cleansing, purifying, antioxidant and anti ageing.

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• Safflower Oil (Carthamus Tinctorius)

WHAT IT DOES:

Rich in fatty acids and skin nourishing vitamins, this oil is featured in many formulations that support the health of the skin’s natural barrier function helping to prevent dehydration, irritation, sensitivity and chronic skin dryness.  It’s skin smoothing properties keep the skin soft and supple, strengthening its elasticity and improves the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

HOW IT WORKS:

Works as a lubricant with its slightly occlusive properties which hold onto moisture preventing it escaping from the skin to soften dryness, smooth roughness and soothe the skin. The Omega 6 Linoleic acid content of Safflower Oil offers powerful water retaining dirt and oil-removing abilities without disrupting the skin’s natural water and oil balance.

• Sandalwood Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Sandalwood is a woody sweet smelling aromatic oil extracted from the wood pieces of Sandalwood tree used to evoke calm, clarity and relaxation when inhaled.  When used for skin treatment it’s one of Nature’s own soothing, anti-irritating, skin comforting essential oils with skin hydrating nourishing and skin-brightening benefits.  Often featured in products marketed to men, this masculine oil exhibits gentle astringent and anti-bacterial action on oily skins helping to clear and soothe breakouts associated with acne and shaving irritations.

HOW IT WORKS:

Sandalwoods multitude of benefits and applications is due to its ability to enter various soft tissues of the body and enter the brain via the olfactory nerves to access the limbic system in the brain.

• Salicylic Acid

WHAT IT DOES:

Occurring naturally in wintergreen and sweet birch plants, this pharmaceutical grade Beta Hydroxy Acid is a proven anti-acne ingredient which unclogs blackheads and breakouts and prevents future breakouts and blackheads reforming when used regularly. Cleansers with 2% salicylic acid have been shown to be more effective than cleansers with 10% benzoyl peroxide. Additionally, salicylic acid is less irritating to the skin than benzoyl peroxide. Its gentle action makes it a suitable choice of an ingredient in skin smoothing products designed for sensitive skins as an alternative to AHA’s.

HOW IT WORKS:

Salicylic acid is a Keratolytic agent meaning it dissolves keratin protein of dead skin cells which helps loosen them for exfoliation.  In addition, Salicylic Acid is a stand out from its neighboring AHA’s because of its love for oil.  This enables it to work its way deep down into hair follicles to loosen and unclog blackheads and breakout with ease and soothe inflammation in the process.

• Sea Buckthorn Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Derived from sour orange berries, this medicinal oil is the master redness reducing oil providing rapid healing and repairing benefits for sensitive and inflammed skin conditions including Rosacea and Eczema.  Its incredible anti-ageing benefits are attributed to the ageing that can be associated with chronic and severe skin inflammation.  Its nutrient-dense makeup also sees this magical oil used for its antioxidant and anti-ageing benefits for the prevention and reduction of wrinkles, fine lines, and sun-related ageing skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

Sea Buckthorn Oil’s essential fatty acid content nourishes and reinforces the skin’s natural barrier function where it has been damaged or impaired by chronic skin diseases or environmental stress.  With a Vitamin C content 12 times higher than oranges, and a rich source of vitamin E this oil nourishes the skin in antioxidants preventing ageing while supporting skin repair and regeneration of collagen and elastin.

• Shea Butter

WHAT IT DOES:

This deliciously nourishing and soothing fatty oil from the Karite tree is famous for its skin conditioning and moisturising benefits for all skin conditions, especially dry skin.  Rich in Vitamin E and C this emollient butter aids in skin repair and healing in the sensitive skin where the barrier of the skin has been damaged while being hailed for helping to smooth wrinkles and fine lines by stimulating collagen production. significant regenerative and defensive benefits for the skins natural defense against the environment.

HOW IT WORKS:

The rich essential fatty acid content of Shea Butter replenishes critical oil and nutrients to skin cells where they are deficient causing dryness, irritation, and inflammation.  Fatty Acid also have the benefit of being anti-inflammatory helping to soothe and comfort the skin.  The phytosterols and tocopherols in Shea butter protect against lipid peroxidation to reinforce the protective lipid content of cells and maintain their health.

• Sodium Hyaluronate:

WHAT IT DOES:

Also known as hyaluronic acid, this essential skin nutrient bindsce.  Naturally found in the skin tissue Hyaluronic Acid lubricates collagen and elastin fibers in a gel-like intensive moisture keeping them smooth and supple while allowing vital skin nutrients to be transported throughout the skin to maintain its optimal health.   Moisture levels in outer skin layers are also regulated and maintained keeping the skin surface smooth to touch and free from fine lines.   As the skin ages, the natural levels of Hyaluronic Acid are depleted causing sagging, fine lines and dull complexions to appear.  Supplementing via skincare formulations provides plumping of the deeper layers of the skin helping to smooth surface fine lines and increases the elasticity of the skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Delivers exceptional lubricating and hydrating qualities to the skin by holding 1,000 times its weight in water to restore a supple, silky smooth texture to the skin.

• Sodium PCA (Pyroglutamic Acid)

HOW IT WORKS:

Sodium PCA is a high-performance moisture retaining ingredient and a naturally occurring component of the skin’s

• Sulfur

WHAT IT DOES:

Sulfur is that funny eggy-smelling natural mineral featured extensively in exfoliation and anti-acne product formulations for its unique ability to dissolve dead skin cells, mattify the skin while delivering antibacterial treatment to infected breakouts.  Dead skin cells and excess oil are the prime causes of breakouts and congestion making Sulfur such a great additive.

HOW IT WORKS:

Keratolytic (protein digesting) action of Sulfur decongests follicles preventing blackhead congestion and breakouts.  Sulfurs high pH gives it an alkaline reaction on the skin causing the oil and moisture on the surface to evaporate to help control breakouts. This allows for other active ingredients to easily enter infected follicles for breakout treatment and prevention.

• Sunflower Oil/Seed Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Rich in fatty acids and triglycerides this lightweight oil delivers superior skin conditioning and moisturising relief to dry dehydrated skin conditions and assists in maintaining the elasticity and smoothness of ageing skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Sunflower oil contains high levels of antioxidant Vitamin E, the essential beauty nutrient responsible for skin repair and optimal cell health to maintain a supple glowing skin.  High Omega-6 content in Sunflower oil provides important anti-inflammatory and healing treatment for extremely dry and sensitive skin types and conditions.

• Superoxide Dismutase

WHAT IT DOES:

This naturally occurring and extremely potent antioxidant found in all human cells including skin cells.  It functions to protect cellular DNA from the toxic and ageing impact of the superoxide free radicals helping to prevent wrinkles, age spots, sagging and sun damage.  Superoxide free radicals have an affinity to cell membranes and cause them to go rancid (lipid peroxidation) leaving cells vulnerable to penetration and DNA being exposed to damage.  This is one of the prime causes of ageing in the skin and the skin’s natural levels are depleted over time, therefore, its inclusion in skincare is essential for any skin rejuvenation and correction of ageing sun damaged skin.

HOW IT WORKS:

Fights harmful Super Oxide free radicals and provides supreme protection against ageing of the skin. This natural enzyme antioxidant can decompose and neutralise the highly aggressive and toxic Superoxide free radical species and protects the DNA of skin cells being destroyed or mutated.

• Sweet Almond Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

This heavenly light-weight liquid gold oil is one of the most extensively used oils in skincare for its easily absorbing and sophisticated skin conditioning results it can deliver to all skin types and conditions.  Its naturally high antioxidant content provides protection for the skin from environmental stress, free radicals and UV-related ageing of the skin.  Its unique weight and anti-inflammatory benefits make this a suitable oil even for the treatment of oily congested and acne skins.

HOW IT WORKS:

Sweet Almond Oil’s incredible and versatile skin benefits are attributed to it being such a rich source of skin replenishing Vitamin E, monounsaturated fatty acids, proteins, potassium and zinc, multiple minerals and vitamins.

• Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)

WHAT IT DOES:

One of the most widely featured oils in most acne breakout treatment products, Tea Tree oil soothes and clarifies oily skin conditions while clearing and soothing inflammed and infected breakouts.  Although it is praised for its famed results in clearing breakouts, Tea Tree oil has been introduced into preparations for treating inflammed skin conditions such as Psoriasis and Eczema for its dual action of soothing the skin while preventing secondary infections when the skin is broken from scratching and swelling.

HOW IT WORKS:

Tea Trees presence in many skin clearing and antibacterial formulas is due to its high terpene content which exhibits powerful broad spectrum anti-bacterial benefits on the skin.  This gentle, slower acting anti-bacterial is often chosen as the preferred alternative to often irritating Benzoyl Peroxide.

• Titanium Dioxide

WHAT IT DOES:

A naturally occurring non-irritating, broad spectrum mineral sunscreen that reflects UV rays.  Being a reflective mineral, Titanium Dioxide is more commonly featured in sunscreens targeted to sensitive skin conditions as a gentle alternative for chemical SPF’s.

HOW IT WORKS:

Titanium Dioxide’s thick and consistency and reflective properties facilitate a coating on the skin against the harmful and ageing effects of UVA and UVB rays.  The reflective characteristic of Titanium Dioxide allows for skin brightening, whitening effects for many cosmetic and skincare products.

• Vitamin A

HOW IT WORKS:

As an all-in-one skin rejuvenator, Vitamin A increases cell renewal and cell turnover improving the surface texture and radiance of the skin.  It signals the even and regular production of melanin reducing uneven skin tone and the appearance of age spots.  Its most sort after benefits lie in Vitamin A’s ability to stimulate the growth of the skin thickening and plumping skin tissue, collagen!  Used in 0.5-1.0% concentrations on the skin sees some significant improvements in turgor, elasticity and wrinkle depth and skin discolouration in sun damaged, aged and prematurely ageing skins.

• Vitamin C

WHAT IT DOES:

Vitamin C is one of the most popular and widely used vitamins in skin care products today.  Its ability to improve the appearance of scars, wrinkles, fine lines and skin discolorations makes it a common ingredient chosen for use in most skin care preparations.

• Vitamin E

WHAT IT DOES:

A natural component of cell membranes, Vitamin E is a fatty vitamin whose prime function is to protect cell membranes from free radical attack and resulting damage.  Like Vitamin C, Vitamin E is an important antioxidant recycler and vital factor for healthy skin cells and DNA.  Known as a beauty vitamin, it keeps the skin moist and supple and aids healing and repairing of sensitive, ageing and damaged skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

It’s the chemical component of Vitamin E known as isomers which give it its antioxidant power.  This boosts the skin’s immune function helping to heal and repair damaged skin resulting from environment stress and skin disorders such as Eczema.  When working in conjunction with Vitamin C they produce powerful anti-inflammatory signals against UV-induced heat and redness.

• Wheat Germ Oil

WHAT IT DOES:

Famed for its high Vitamin E content, Wheat Germ Oil provides the skin with skin repairing, emollient and softening benefits for dry, dehydrated and sensitive skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

Infused with vitamin A, D, B vitamins, antioxidants and fatty acids, Wheat Germ Oil reinforces cell membranes with a swathe of antioxidants and nutrients to maintain the healthy youthful vitality of the skin.  The nourishing and skin conditioning emollient Vitamin E repairs damaged and fragile skins smoothing flaking and soothing redness.

• Witch Hazel

WHAT IT DOES:

Credited with powerful antioxidant, age-defying, anti-inflammatory, refreshing, astringent and wound healing properties, Witch Hazel is an all-around medicinal skin herb.   Featured in products targeting dryness and dehydration, witch hazel has known moisturising and skin nourishing properties helping to condition dry dehydrated skins while reducing excess sebum (oil) in oily acne skin conditions.

HOW IT WORKS:

The tannins, polyphenols and ethanol content of Witch Hazel delivers the soothing, calming, refreshingly astringent and healing and skin conditioning benefits.

• Zinc Oxide

WHAT IT DOES:

Zinc Oxide offers a safe, non-irritating, broad-spectrum protection against the ageing and damaging effects of UVA and UVB rays.  Has long been used as a primary topical agent in protecting against skin damage from the UVA and UVB rays of the sun. A common ingredient in many skin soothing salves and creams, Zinc oxide is hailed for its anti-inflammatory and skin conditioning properties.

HOW IT WORKS:

Zinc oxide is created when zinc and oxygen are thermally combined.  This process forms a white powder that lays on the surface of the skin as a protective covering against UV radiation.  This slightly occlusive effect see this ingredient sealing moisture in the skin helping to soothe and soften the skin and prevent inflammation from erupting.